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Implementation Force

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"IFOR" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="IFOR_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="IFOR (disambiguation)">IFOR (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Implementation Force</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><div class="infobox-caption">Pocket badge of the IFOR</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1995–1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">32 countries</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Formation_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation (military)">Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"IFOR"</td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><div id="NATO_intervention_inBosnia_and_Herzegovina1094" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="NATO_intervention_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina">NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Maritime_Monitor" title="Operation Maritime Monitor">Maritime Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Sky_Monitor" title="Operation Sky Monitor">Sky Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Maritime_Guard" title="Operation Maritime Guard">Maritime Guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Deny Flight</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Sharp_Guard" title="Operation Sharp Guard">Sharp Guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Deliberate Force</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

The Implementation Force (IFOR) was a <a href="NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-led multinational <a href="Peace_enforcement" title="Peace enforcement">peace enforcement</a> force in <a href="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename Operation Joint Endeavour.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

In 1995, NATO was tasked by the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) to carry out the provision of the <a href="Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Peace Accords</a> ending the <a href="Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>. The Dayton Peace Accords were started on 22 November 1995 by the presidents of Bosnia, <a href="Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, and <a href="Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia</a>, on behalf of Serbia and the <a href="Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Bosnian Serb Republic</a>. The actual signing happened in <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 14 December 1995. The peace accords contained a General Framework Agreement and eleven supporting annexes with maps. The accords had three major goals: ending of hostilities, authorization of military and civilian program going into effect, and the establishment of a central Bosnian government while excluding individuals who are serving sentences or under indictment by the <a href="International_War_Crimes_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="International War Crimes Tribunal">International War Crimes Tribunals</a> from taking part in the running of the government. IFOR's specific role was to implement the military Annexes of The General Framework Agreement for Peace (GFAP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>

IFOR relieved the UN peacekeeping force <a href="UNPROFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNPROFOR">UNPROFOR</a>, which had originally arrived in 1992, and the transfer of authority was discussed in <a href="United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1031" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1031">Security Council Resolution 1031</a>. Almost 60,000 NATO soldiers in addition to forces from non-NATO nations were deployed to Bosnia. Operation Decisive Endeavor (SACEUR OPLAN 40105), beginning 6 December 1995, was a subcomponent of Joint Endeavor.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> IFOR began operations on 20 December 1995.<a href="#cite_note-NATOwebsite-3">[3]</a>

The Dayton Agreement resulted from a long series of events, notably, the failures of <a href="Peace_plans_offered_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War">EU-led peace plans</a>, the August 1995 Croat <a href="Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a> and fleeing of 200,000 Serb civilians, the Bosnian Serb war crimes, in particular the <a href="Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a>, and the seizure of <a href="UNPROFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNPROFOR">UNPROFOR</a> peace-keepers as <a href="Human_shield" title="Human shield">human shields</a> against NATO's <a href="1995_NATO_bombing_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Operation Deliberate Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

U.S. Secretary of Defense <a href="William_J._Perry" title="William J. Perry">William Perry</a> and his Russian counterpart, <a href="Pavel_Grachev" title="Pavel Grachev">Pavel Grachev</a> agreed on 8 October that the peacekeeping operation name will be Implementation Force of the Peace Agreement on Bosnia-Herzegovina, that is without reference to NATO; other differences were unresolved at that time (chain of command, area of command and control).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> On 27 October they agreed that "the Russian unit will not be part of the NATO peacekeeping force, but will perform special engineering, transport and construction activites [<a href="Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

Admiral <a href="Leighton_W._Smith_Jr." title="Leighton W. Smith Jr.">Leighton W. Smith Jr.</a>, Commander in Chief <a href="Allied_Forces_Southern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Forces Southern Europe">Allied Forces Southern Europe</a> (CINCSOUTH), served as the first Joint Force Commander for the operation, also known as Commander IFOR (COMIFOR). He commanded the operation from IFOR's deployment on 20 December 1995 from headquarters in <a href="Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, and later from March 1996 from the Residency in <a href="Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Admiral <a href="Thomas_J._Lopez" title="Thomas J. Lopez">Thomas J. Lopez</a> commanded the operation from 31 July to 7 November 1996, followed by General <a href="William_W._Crouch" title="William W. Crouch">William W. Crouch</a> until 20 December 1996.<a href="#cite_note-NATOwebsite-3">[3]</a> Lt Gen <a href="Michael_Walker%2C_Baron_Walker_of_Aldringham" title="Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham">Michael Walker</a>, Commander <a href="Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps" title="Allied Rapid Reaction Corps">Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</a> (ARRC), acted as Land Component Commander for the operation, commanding from HQ ARRC (Forward) based initially in <a href="Kiseljak" title="Kiseljak">Kiseljak</a>, and from late January 1996 from HQ ARRC (Main) in <a href="Ilid%C5%BEa" title="Ilidža">Ilidža</a>. This was NATO's first ever out-of-area land deployment. The Land Component's part of the operation was known as Operation Firm Endeavour.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

At its height, IFOR involved troops from 32 countries and numbered some 54,000 soldiers in-country (BiH) and around 80,000 involved soldiers in total (with support and reserve troops stationed in <a href="Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and also on ships in the <a href="Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>). In the initial phases of the operation, much of the initial composition of IFOR consisted of units which had been part of UNPROFOR but remained in place and simply replaced their United Nations insignia with IFOR insignia.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2></div>

NATO member states that contributed forces included Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Non-NATO nations that contributed forces included; Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Russia, and Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

The tasks of the Land Component were carried out by three Multi National Divisions:<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

<ul><li>Multi-National Division (South-East), <a href="Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a> – French led. Also known as the 'Division Salamandre.'<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The divisional headquarters was provided by <a href="6th_Light_Armoured_Brigade_(France)" title="6th Light Armoured Brigade (France)">6th Light Armored Division</a> then <a href="7th_Armoured_Division_(France)" title="7th Armoured Division (France)">7th Armoured Division</a>.

<ul><li>French Brigade Alpha,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="Jablanica%2C_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Jablanica</a>

<ul><li><a href="2nd_Foreign_Parachute_Regiment" title="2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment">2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li>

<li>Moroccan Battalion<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> - <a href="Igman" title="Igman">Igman</a></li></ul></li>

<li>French Brigade Bravo, <a href="Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>

<ul><li><a href="6th_Marine_Infantry_Parachute_Regiment" title="6th Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment">6th Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li>

<li><a href="21st_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="21st Marine Infantry Regiment">21st Marine Infantry Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li>

<li>Ukrainian Battalion<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Italian <a href="Bersaglieri_Brigade_%22Garibaldi%22" title="Bersaglieri Brigade "Garibaldi"">Bersaglieri Brigade "Garibaldi"</a>, <a href="Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>

<ul><li><a href="8th_Bersaglieri_Regiment" title="8th Bersaglieri Regiment">8th Bersaglieri Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li>

<li>Portuguese Battalion</li>

<li>Egyptian Battalion</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefatura_de_Tropas_de_Monta%C3%B1a_%C2%ABArag%C3%B3n%C2%BB" class="extiw external" title="es:Jefatura de Tropas de Montaña «Aragón»">42nd Spanish Mountain Brigade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="Medjugorje" title="Medjugorje">Medjugorje</a> - Col Julio López-Guarch Muro

<ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regimiento_de_Cazadores_de_Monta%C3%B1a_%C2%ABGalicia%C2%BB_n.%C2%BA_64" class="extiw external" title="es:Regimiento de Cazadores de Montaña «Galicia» n.º 64">64th “Galicia” Mountain Cazadores Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> - Morstar</li>

<li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regimiento_de_Caballer%C3%ADa_%C2%ABEspa%C3%B1a%C2%BB" class="extiw external" title="es:Regimiento de Caballería «España»">11th "España" Light Armored Cavalry Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> - <a href="Trebinje" title="Trebinje">Trebinje</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Multi-National_Division_(South-West)_(Bosnia)" title="Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia)">Multi-National Division (South-West)</a>, <a href="Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> – British led. The British codename for their armed forces' involvement in IFOR was Operation Resolute.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Division headquarters was provided by <a href="3rd_Mechanised_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Mechanised Division (United Kingdom)">3 (UK) Division</a><a href="#cite_note-jackson-24">[24]</a> then <a href="1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st (UK) Armoured Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lord304-25">[25]</a>

<ul><li><a href="4th_Light_Brigade_Combat_Team" title="4th Light Brigade Combat Team">4th UK Armoured Brigade</a>, <a href="%C5%A0ipovo" title="Šipovo">Šipovo</a> - Brig <a href="Richard_Dannatt" title="Richard Dannatt">Richard Dannatt</a>

<ul><li>2nd Bn, <a href="The_Light_Infantry" title="The Light Infantry">The Light Infantry</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li>

<li>1st Bn, <a href="Royal_Regiment_of_Fusiliers" title="Royal Regiment of Fusiliers">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li>

<li>Dutch Battalion<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> - <a href="%C5%A0i%C5%A1ava" title="Šišava">Šišava</a></li>

<li><a href="MALBATT" title="MALBATT">Malaysian Battalion</a> - <a href="Livno" title="Livno">Livno</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">2nd Canadian Mechanized Brigade</a>, <a href="%C4%86orali%C4%87i" title="Ćoralići">Ćoralići</a> - Brig Gen Bruce Jeffries

<ul><li>Canadian Battalion</li>

<li><a href="Queen's_Royal_Hussars" title="Queen's Royal Hussars">Queen's Royal Hussars</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> - <a href="Mrkonji%C4%87_Grad" title="Mrkonjić Grad">Mrkonjić Grad</a></li>

<li>Czech Battalion<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> - <a href="Ljubija_(town)" title="Ljubija (town)">Ljubija</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Multi-National_Division_(North)_(Bosnia)" title="Multi-National Division (North) (Bosnia)">Multi-National Division (North)</a>, <a href="Camp_Eagle" title="Camp Eagle">Camp Eagle</a> at <a href="Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a> – US led. Task Force Eagle. The US Army <a href="1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a> under the command of Major General <a href="William_L._Nash" title="William L. Nash">William L. Nash</a>, constituted the bulk of the ground forces for Task Force Eagle. They began to deploy on 18 December 1995 and would return to Germany in late 1996.

<ul><li><a href="1st_Brigade_Combat_Team%2C_1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Camp Kime - Col Gregory Fontenot.

<ul><li><a href="1st_Squadron%2C_1st_Cavalry_Regiment" title="1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment">1st Sqdn</a>, <a href="1st_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)">1st Cavalry</a> - Camp Gentry</li>

<li>3rd Bn, <a href="5th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">5th Cavalry</a> - Camp McGovern</li>

<li>4th Bn, <a href="67th_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Armor Regiment (United States)">67th Armor</a> - Camp Stephens</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2nd_Brigade_Combat_Team%2C_1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division (United States)">2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a> Camp Lisa - Col <a href="John_Batiste" title="John Batiste">John Batiste</a>

<ul><li>3rd Sqdn, <a href="4th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">4th Cavalry</a> - Camp Molly, Camp Alicia</li>

<li>4th Bn, <a href="12th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="12th Infantry Regiment (United States)">12th infantry</a> - Camp Demi, Camp Pat</li>

<li>2nd Bn, <a href="68th_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="68th Armor Regiment (United States)">68th Armor</a> - Camp Linda</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="1st_Separate_Airborne_Brigade" title="1st Separate Airborne Brigade">1st Russian Separate Airborne Brigade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Camp Ugljevik - Col <a href="Alexander_Lentsov" title="Alexander Lentsov">Alexander Ivanovich Lentsov</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

<ul><li>1st Airborne Battalion - <a href="Priboj" title="Priboj">Priboj</a></li>

<li>2nd Airborne Battalion - <a href="Simin_Han" title="Simin Han">Simin Han</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brygada_Nordycko-Polska" class="extiw external" title="pl:Brygada Nordycko-Polska">Nordic-Polish Brigade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a> <a href="Doboj" title="Doboj">Doboj</a> - Danish Brigadegeneral Finn Særmark-Thomsen

<ul><li>Danish Battalion<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania each provided a platoon size element to reinforce the battalion) - Camp Dannevirke, Camp Valhalla</li>

<li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnien_BA05" class="extiw external" title="sv:Bosnien BA05">Swedish Battalion</a> - Camp Oden</li>

<li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polski_Kontyngent_Wojskowy_w_Bo%C5%9Bni_i_Hercegowinie" class="extiw external" title="pl:Polski Kontyngent Wojskowy w Bośni i Hercegowinie">Polish Battalion</a> - <a href="Tesli%C4%87" title="Teslić">Teslić</a>, <a href="%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Žepče">Žepče</a></li>

<li>Finnish Engineer Battalion - Camp Jussi</li>

<li>Norwegian Logistics Battalion - Modrica</li></ul></li>

<li>Turkish Brigade,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="Zenica" title="Zenica">Zenica</a> - Col Ahmet Berberoglu

<ul><li>Turkish Battalion</li>

<li>Romanian Engineer Battalion<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

On 20 December 1996, the task of IFOR was taken over by <a href="Stabilisation_Force_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina">SFOR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In turn, SFOR was replaced by the European <a href="EUFOR_Althea" class="mw-redirect" title="EUFOR Althea">EUFOR Althea</a> force in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>

NATO began to create service medals once it began to support peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia, which led to the award to IFOR troops of the <a href="NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Two Russian <a href="BTR-80" title="BTR-80">BTR-80</a> APCs following an American <a href="Humvee" title="Humvee">Humvee</a> in <a href="Zvornik" title="Zvornik">Zvornik</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">An American <a href="M2_Bradley" title="M2 Bradley">M2 Bradley</a> and a Russian BTR-80 during a patrol near Zvornik</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">An <a href="Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a> <a href="B1_Centauro" class="mw-redirect" title="B1 Centauro">B1 Centauro</a> during a patrol in Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of IFOR during 1996</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A Swedish soldier manning a civilian checkpoint leading to the Joint Civilian Commission meeting in <a href="Doboj" title="Doboj">Doboj</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A Danish <a href="Leopard_1" title="Leopard 1">Leopard 1</a> preparing to drive over and crush a Serbian <a href="Zastava_M55" title="Zastava M55">Zastava M55</a> anti-air gun</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The crew of an Italian <a href="B1_Centauro" class="mw-redirect" title="B1 Centauro">B1 Centauro</a> deployed as part of IFOR</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">German <a href="Unimog" title="Unimog">Unimog</a> medical vehicles in <a href="Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A British convoy passing through <a href="Kupres" title="Kupres">Kupres</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Greek soldiers guarding a truck carrying polling equipment for the <a href="1996_Bosnian_general_election" title="1996 Bosnian general election">1996 Bosnian general election</a> in <a href="Zenica" title="Zenica">Zenica</a></div>

</li>

</ul>

<ul><li><a href="National_Support_Group" title="National Support Group">National Support Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Determined_Effort" title="Operation Determined Effort">Operation Determined Effort</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHawton2004" class="citation news cs1">Hawton, Nick (October 23, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3944191.stm">"EU troops prepare for Bosnia swap"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/honours-history-medals-chart/medal-natofy.page">"NATO Medal for Former Yugoslavia (NATO-FY)"</a>. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. July 22, 2015. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Charles Bertin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904031337/http://www.anolir.org/spip/IMG/pdf/Bosnie_1996_BERTIN.pdf">A Summer in Mostar: 50 days with the Salamander Division, January – June 1996</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLord2004" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Cliff (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=031WegRPmM8C&q=multi-national+division+south+west+bosnia&pg=PA304">Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920–2001) and its Antecedents</a>. Helion & Company. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-874622-92-5</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPhillips" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, R. Cody. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131209001303/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm">Bosnia-Herzegovina: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. CMH Pub 70-97-1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm">the original</a> on 9 December 2013.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSiegel1998" class="citation book cs1">Siegel, Pascale (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628215257/http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Siegel_Target.pdf">Target Bosnia</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Siegel_Target.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2007.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWentz1998" class="citation book cs1">Wentz, Larry (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Wentz_Bosnia.pdf">Lessons from Bosnia: The IFOR Experience</a> (PDF).</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLambert2002" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Nicholas (2002). Measuring the Success of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 – 2000. Issue 140/2, pp. 459–481. European Journal of Operations Research, Special 2000 Edition. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0377-2217%2802%2900083-8">10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00083-8</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/IFOR" class="extiw external" title="commons:IFOR">IFOR</a> at Wikimedia Commons

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodccrp.org/html4/research_bosnia.html">CCRP Bosnia Research and Publications</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/ifor/">Information on Operation Joint Endeavour</a> on the NATO Website</li></ul>

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